Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Contributors
About the Editor
Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Application
1.4 Retroactivity
1.5 Equivalency
1.6 Units and Symbols
1.7 New Technology
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.1 General
2.2 NFPA Publications
2.3 Other Publications
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions
3.3 General Definitions
Chapter 4 General Requirements
4.1 Level of Protection
4.2 Owner's Certificate
4.3 Classification of Hazard
4.4 Hose Connections.
4.5 System Protection Area Limitations.
4.6 Water Supply Information.
4.7 Additives.
4.8 Air, Nitrogen, or Other Approved Gas.
4.9 Support of Nonsprinkler System Components.
4.10 Noncombustible Materials and Limited-Combustible
Materials.
Chapter 5 Water Supplies
5.1 General
5.2 Types
Chapter 6 Installation Underground
Piping
6.1 Piping.
6.2 Fittings.
6.3 Connection of Pipe, Fittings, and Appurtenances.
6.4 Protection of Private Fire Service Mains. [24:10.4]
6.5 Grounding and Bonding.
6.6 Restraint.
6.7 Steep Grades.
6.8 Installation Requirements.
6.9 Backfilling.
6.10 Testing and Acceptance.
Chapter 7 Requirements for System
Components and Hardware
7.1 General.
7.2 Sprinklers.
7.3 Aboveground Pipe and Tube.
7.4 Fittings.
7.5 Joining of Pipe and Fittings.
7.6 Valves.
7.7 Waterflow Alarm Devices.
7.8 Additives and Coatings.
Chapter 8 System Types and Requirements
8.1 Wet Pipe Systems.
8.2 Dry Pipe Systems.
8.3 Preaction Systems and Deluge Systems.
8.4 Combined Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems for Piers,
Terminals, and Wharves.
8.5 Multi-Cycle Systems.
8.6 Antifreeze Systems.
8.7 Outside Sprinklers for Protection Against Exposure Fires
(Exposure Protection Sprinkler Systems).
8.8 Refrigerated Spaces.
8.9 Commercial-Type Cooking Equipment and Ventilation.
8.10 Pilot Line Detectors.
Chapter 9 Sprinkler Location
Requirements
9.1 Basic Requirements.
9.2 Allowable Sprinkler Omission Locations.
9.3 Special Situations.
9.4 Use of Sprinklers.
9.5 Position, Location, Spacing, and Use of Sprinklers.
Chapter 10 Installation Requirements for Standard Pendent,
Upright, and Sidewall Spray Sprinklers
10.1 General.
10.2 Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Sprinklers.
10.3 Sidewall Standard Spray Sprinklers.
Chapter 11 Installation Requirements for Extended Coverage
Upright, Pendent, Sidewall Spray Sprinkler
11.1 General.
11.2 Extended Coverage Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers.
11.3 Extended Coverage Sidewall Spray Sprinklers.
Chapter 12 Installation Requirements for Residential
Sprinklers
12.1 General.
Chapter 13 Installation Requirements for CMSA Sprinklers
13.1 General.
13.2 CMSA Sprinklers.
Chapter 14 Installation Requirements for Early Suppression
Fast-Response Sprinklers
14.1 General.
14.2 Early Suppression Fast-Response Sprinklers.
Chapter 15 Installation Requirements for Special
Sprinklers
15.1 Open Sprinklers.
15.2 Special Sprinklers.
15.3 Dry Sprinklers.
15.4 Old-Style Sprinklers.
Chapter 16 Installation of Piping, Valves, and
Appurtenances
16.1 Basic Requirements.
16.2 Sprinkler Installation.
16.3 Piping Installation.
16.4 Protection of Piping.
16.5 Protection of Risers Subject to Mechanical Damage.
16.6 Provision for Flushing Systems.
16.7 Air Venting.
16.8 Fitting Installation.
16.9 Valves.
16.10 Drainage.
16.11 System Attachments.
16.12 Fire Department Connections.
16.13 Gauges.
16.14 System Connections.
16.15 Hose Connections.
16.16 Electrical Bonding and Grounding.
16.17 Signs.
Chapter 17 Installation Requirements for Hanging and
Support of System Piping
17.1 General.
17.2 Hanger Components.
17.3 Trapeze Hangers.
17.4 Installation of Pipe Hangers.
17.5 Pipe Stands.
Chapter 18 Installation Requirements for Seismic
Protection
18.1 Protection of Piping Against Damage Where Subject to
Earthquakes.
18.2 Flexible Couplings.
18.3 Seismic Separation Assembly.
18.4 Clearance.
18.5 Sway Bracing.
18.6 Restraint of Branch Lines.
18.7 Hangers and Fasteners Subject to Earthquakes.
18.8 Pipe Stands Subject to Earthquakes.
Chapter 19 Design Approaches
19.1 General.
19.2 General Design Approaches.
19.3 Occupancy Hazard Fire Control Approach for Spray
Sprinklers.
19.4 Special Design Approaches.
19.5 Deluge Systems.
Chapter 20 General Requirements for Storage
20.1 General.
20.2 Protection of Storage.
20.3 Classification of Commodities.
20.4 Commodity Classes.
20.5 Storage Arrangement.
20.6 Building Construction and Storage: Heights and
Clearance.
20.7 Unsprinklered Combustible Concealed Spaces.
20.8 Room Design Method.
20.9 High-Expansion Foam Systems.
20.10 Adjacent Hazards or Design Methods.
20.11 Hose Connections.
20.12 Hose Stream Allowance and Water Supply Duration.
20.13 Discharge Considerations: General.
20.14 Protection of Idle Pallets.
20.15 Column Protection: Rack Storage and Rubber Tire
Storage.
Chapter 21 Protection of High Piled Storage Using Control
Mode Density Area (CMDA) Sprinklers
21.1 General.
21.2 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria
for Palletized,Solid-Piled, Bin Box, Shelf, or Back-to-Back
Shelf Storage of Class I Through Class IV Commodities.
21.3 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria
for Palletized, Solid-Piled, Bin Box, Shelf, or Back-to-Back
Shelf Storage of Plastic and Rubber Commodities.
21.4 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria
for Rack Storage of Class I Through Class IV Commodities.
21.5 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria
for Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks for Group A
Plastic Commodities Stored Up to and Including 25 ft (7.6 m)
in Height.
21.6 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria
for Rack Storage Rubber Tires.
21.7 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection Criteria
for Roll Paper Storage.
21.8 Special Design for Rack Storage of Class I Through
Class IV Commodities and Group A Plastics Stored Up to and
Including 25 ft (7.6 m) in Height.
21.9 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Storage and Display of
Class I Through Class IV Commodities, Cartoned Nonexpanded
Group A Plastics and Nonexpanded Exposed Group A Plastics in
Retail Stores.
21.10 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection
Criteria for Baled Cotton Storage.
21.11 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection
Criteria for Carton Records Storage with Catwalk Access.
21.12 Control Mode Density/Area Sprinkler Protection
Criteria for Compact Storage of Commodities Consisting of
Paper Files, Magazines, Books, and Similar Documents in
Folders and Miscellaneous Supplies with No More Than 5
Percent Plastics Up to 8 ft (2.4 m) High.
Chapter 22 CMSA Requirements for Storage Applications
22.1 General.
22.2 Palletized and Solid-Piled Storage of Class I Through
Class IV Commodities.
22.3 Palletized and Solid-Piled Storage of Nonexpanded and
Expanded Group A Plastic Commodities.
22.4 Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Rack Storage for
Class I Through Class IV Commodities.
22.5 Single-, Double-, and Multiple-Row Racks of Group A
Plastic Commodities.
22.6 Rubber Tires.
22.7 Roll Paper Storage.
Chapter 23 ESFR Requirements for Storage Applications
23.1 General.
23.2 ESFR Design Criteria.
23.3 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinklers for
Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage of Class I Through Class
IV Commodities.
23.4 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinklers for
Palletized or Solid-Piled Storage of Group A Plastic
Commodities.
23.5 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinklers for
Rack Storage of Class I Through Class IV Commodities.
23.6 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinklers for
Rack Storage of Group A Plastic Commodities.
23.7 Protection of Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics.
23.8 ESFR Protection of Rack Storage of Rubber Tires.
23.9 Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinklers for
Protection of Roll Paper Storage.
23.10 Plastic Motor Vehicle Components.
23.11 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Storage and Display of
Class I Through Class IV Commodities, Cartoned Nonexpanded
Group A Plastics and Nonexpanded Exposed Group A Plastics in
Retail Stores.
23.12 Protection of High Bay Records Storage.
23.13 Slatted Shelves.
Chapter 24 Alternative Sprinkler System Designs for
Chapters 20 Through 25
24.1 General.
24.2 Sprinkler Design Criteria for Palletized and
Solid-Piled, Storage of Class I Through Class IV and Plastic
Commodities.
24.3 Sprinkler Protection Criteria for Open-Frame Rack
Storage of Class I Through Class IV and Plastic Commodities.
24.4 Hose Stream Allowance and Water Supply Duration.
24.5 Minimum Obstruction Criteria.
Chapter 25 Protection of Rack Storage Using In-Rack
Sprinklers
25.1 General Requirements of In-Rack Sprinklers.
25.2 Ceiling-Level Sprinkler Design Criteria in Combination
with In-Rack Sprinklers.
25.3 In-Rack Sprinkler Characteristics.
25.4 Vertical Spacing and Location of In-Rack Sprinklers.
25.5 Horizontal Location and Spacing of In-Rack Sprinklers.
25.6 Protection of Racks with Solid Shelves.
25.7 Horizontal Barriers in Combination with In-Rack
Sprinklers.
25.8 Alternative In-Rack Sprinkler Protection Options That
Are Independent of the Ceiling Sprinkler Design.
25.9 In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangements in Combination with CMDA
Sprinklers at Ceiling Level.
25.10 In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangements in Combination with
CMSA Sprinklers at Ceiling Level.
25.11 In-Rack Sprinkler Arrangements in Combination with
ESFR Sprinklers at Ceiling Level.
25.12 Design Criteria for In-Rack Sprinklers in Combination
with Ceiling-Level Sprinklers.
Chapter 26 Special Occupancy Requirements
26.1 General.
26.2 Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
26.3 Aerosol Products.
26.4 Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible
Materials.
26.5 Solvent Extraction Plants. [NFPA 36]
26.6 Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines
and Gas Turbines.
26.7 Nitrate Film.
26.8 Laboratories Using Chemicals.
26.9 Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, and
Allied Processes.
26.10 Acetylene Cylinder Charging Plants.
26.11 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code.
26.12 Utility LP-Gas Plants.
26.13 Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG).
26.14 Protection of Information Technology Equipment.
26.15 Standard on Incinerators, and Waste and Linen Handling
Systems and Equipment.
26.16 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces.
26.17 Health Care Facilities Code, Class A Hyperbaric
Chambers.
26.18 Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems.
26.19 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio
Soundstages, Approved Production Facilities, and Production
Locations.
26.20 Animal Housing Facilities.
26.21 Water Cooling Towers.
26.22 Standard for the Construction and Fire Protection of
Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves.
26.23 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities.
26.24 Aircraft Hangars.
26.25 Airport Terminal Buildings, Fueling Ramp Drainage, and
Loading Walkways.
26.26 Aircraft Engine Test Facilities.
26.27 Advanced Light Water Reactor Electric Generating
Plants.
26.28 Light Water Nuclear Power Plants.
26.29 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resource
Properties — Museums, Libraries, and Places of Worship.
[NFPA 909]
26.30 National Electrical Code.
26.31 Fire Protection of Telecommunication Facilities.
26.32 Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases,
Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids.
26.33 Hypobaric Facilities.
26.34 Coal Mines.
26.35 Metal/Nonmetal Mining and Metal Mineral Processing
Facilities.
26.36 Hazardous Materials Code.
Chapter 27 Plans and Calculations
27.1 Working Plans.
27.2 Hydraulic Calculation Procedures.
27.3 Hose Allowance.
27.4 Hydraulic Calculation Forms.
27.5 Pipe Schedules.
Chapter 28 Systems Acceptance
28.1 Approval of Sprinkler Systems and Private Fire
Service Mains.
28.2 Acceptance Requirements.
28.3 Automated Inspection and Testing Devices and Equipment.
28.4 Instructions.
28.5 Hydraulic Design Information Sign (Hydraulic Data
Nameplate).
28.6 General Information Sign.
Chapter 29 Existing System Modifications
29.1 General.
29.2 Components.
29.3 Sprinklers.
29.4 Revamping of Pipe Schedule Systems.
29.5 Revamping of Hydraulic Design Systems.
29.6 System Design.
29.7 Testing.
Chapter 30 Marine Systems
30.1 General.
30.2 System Components, Hardware, and Use.
30.3 System Requirements.
30.4 Installation Requirements.
30.5 Design Approaches.
30.6 Plans and Calculations.
30.7 Water Supplies.
30.8 System Acceptance.
30.9 System Instructions and Maintenance.
Chapter 31 System Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance
31.1 General.
Annex A Explanatory Material
Annex B Miscellaneous Topics
Annex C Explanation of Test Data and Procedures for Rack Storage
Annex D Sprinkler System Information from the 2018 Edition of
the Life Safety Code
Annex E Development of the Design Approach to Conform with
ASCE/SEI 7 and Suggested Conversion Factor Adjustments for
Locations Outside the United States
Annex F Informational References
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